Calculating-machine.



L. W. ROSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 18. 1911. 1,237,821.

RENEWED MAR. 13.1917- Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

L. W. RCSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 18, 1911.

RENEWED 'vlAR. 13,1917.

Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

M wm

L. W. ROSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.1B.19H- RENEWED MAR. 13,1917. 1,237,821 PatentedAug. 21, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J I QrvTNn. T 7. 5253 3 L. W. ROSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 18. 1911. RENEWED MAR. 13,1917.

Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

4 SHEETS-*SHEET 4- UNITED STATES PATENT oFnroE.

LEON W. ROSEN'THAL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 18, 1911, Serial No. 621,874. Renewed March 13,1917. Serial No. 154,594.

a citizen of the United States, residing in city of New York, county ofNew York, State ofNew York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Calculating-Machines; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the'invention,such'as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertainstomake and use the same.

This invention relates to calculating machines and particularly to oneadapted to mechanically perform multiplication, addition, andsubtraction of any numbers with in the capacity for which the machinemay be especially designed and for any sequence and value of the digitsin any of the numbers.

One object is to provide a machine which performs multiplication withoutemploying a step-by-step carriage to intermittently shift the resultindicators with respect to the actuators in order to effect the ordinaryprocess of indentation.

Another object is to provide a multiplying machine wherein both factorsare first completely set up and then their product registered in asingle operation.

Another object is to provide an adding machine wherein each number isset up and then added to the total in a single operation.

Another object is to provide a subtracting machine wherein the minuendand subtrahend are first set up and then their difference registered bya single operation; and wherein several numbers may be successivelysubtracted from one number in a corresponding number of operations.

Another object is to provide a multiplying machine wherein themultiplicand and multiplier are exposed to view from the time they areset up and wherein the prod not is exposed to view upon completion ofthe operation.

Another object is to provide a multiplying machine wherein the digits ofthe multiplicand and the multiplier may each be set up in any order toproduce the respective factors.

Another object is to provide a calculating machine whose function may bechanged from multiplication and addition to subtraction, and vice versa,.by exposing to view a different line of digits on the result indi-'cators.

Another object is to provide a multiplying machine wherein themultiplicand and multiplier are retained in the machine until reset, sothat subsequent multiplications may be performed by changing only thenecessary digits in either or both factors and then operating themachine as before.

Another object is to provide means for clearing the result indicators atwill whereby successive products may be registered or totalized asdesired.

Other desirable objects in construction and operation will be madeapparent by the following description and will be specifically pointedout in the appended claims.

Multiplication may be performed in two general ways: to-wit, by addingin proper denominational relation the separate prodnets of eachmultiplicand digit and each multiplier digit, or by adding in properdenominational relation the multiplicand factor a number of times equalto the units in each multiplier digit. Both methods require that thepartial results be added in proper denominational relation. This may beaccomplished by employing a step-bystep carriage to properly effectindentation of denomination of the partial results, or by providing sucha number of actuators and registering devices that each partial resultis registered on a separate registering device, whereby the step-by-stepcarriage may be dispensed with. 9

.Both of the above methods of multiplication have been used heretofore,but, so far as I am aware, all prior machines employ a step-by-stepcarriage to effect indentation. This intermittent action interferes withthe speed of operation and gives rise to a variety of dissimilarmovements, whereby exactness in construction is essential on account ofthe disengagement and subsequent engagement of parts as the relation ofthe actuators and the result indi- "cators is shifted step by step.Furthermore in order to avoid complicated construction, practically allpresent commercial multiplying machines require that one factor be set 15 up intermittently digit by digit and usually in the reverse order ofreading the digits, so that the complete operation is comparatively slowand tedious besides requiring a certain amount of skill and diligence.

Considered in its broad aspect, the present invention embodies anon-indentin adding mechanism of any suitable form, t at is an addingmechanism which is not shifted in denomination step-by-step to effectindentation of denomination of the partial results. The presentinvention also embodies a lurality of non-indenting registering devicesand actuating means therefor on which multiples of digits arerepresented, in combination with means for relatively positioning theregistering devices and actuating means, thereby constituting amultiplying mechanism. And furthermore, the present invention embodiesmeans for selecting a series of indicators of the adding mechanism inaccordance with the denomination of each digit of the multiplier factor,and mechanism for effecting actuation of the registering devices toadvance each indicator of each series in accordance with the sum of thedigits oflikef'denomination of the separate product's o'f the digits ofthe multiplicand factor and the multiplier digit corresponding to thatseries. In this way, the partial products are registered by themultiplying mechanism in proper denominational relation on the addingmechanism and added thereon to indicate the complete product of themultiplicand and multiplier factors at the end of the operation withoutemploying a step-by-step carriage to effect indentation of denominationof the partial results. The

factors may have any number of digits up to the number provided for, andthe digits may have any value and any sequence.

he machine herein shown as an embodiment within the present inventionoperates according to a novel modification of the ordinary process-ofmultiplication, which, so far as I am aware, has never before been usedin machines wherein the product is obtained mechanically, except in myco-pending application Serial No. 630,162, filed May 29, 1911, and whichhas only been used in other computing apparatus of any kind in myco-pending application, Serial No. 460872 filed November 3rd, 1908.Briefly stated the method involves setting up the multiplicand factor asmany times as there are digits in the multiplier factor, thenmultiplying each of the digits forming the multiplicand factor byeach'of the multiplier digits, and finally adding the partial productsobtained thereby in proper denominational relation. This method isillustrated in Fig. 11, wherein the multiplication of any two factorssuch as 876 and 3769, giving a product of 3,301,644, is indicated. Thedigits 8, 7 and 6 are each shown in four columns, since there are fourdigits in the multiplier, so that each column contains the multiplicandfactor 87 6. Now upon multiplying each column by one of the multiplierdigits 3, 7, 6 or 9, the products of the separate multiplicand andmultiplier digits are obtained. It is then only necessary to add thepartial roducts in their roper denominational re ation, as indicated inorder to obtain the roduct 3,301,644.

The multi in columns rom top, to bottom to form the multiplicand factor,as shown, or in rows from side to side whereupon the multiplier digitswould be placed at one side instead of at the bottom. The multiplicanddigits may be placed in any order in either of these arrangements,either similarl or dissimilarly, the only essential conditlon being thateach column or row, as the'case may be, includes all of the multiplicanddigits. Also the multiplier digits may be arranged in any order, theonly essential condition being that each digit of the multiplicandfactor be multiplied by each digit of the multiplier factor. Furthermorethe digits of each column or row may be multi lied collectively, ingroups, or successive y, provided that all the partial products thereofare included in the result. .And the columns or rows may be operatedupon collectively, in groups, or successively, accordin to an orderwhatsoever. The only essential condltions of the entire combination andmethod of operation are that each multiplicand digit be multiplied onceand only once by each multiplier digit, and that all the separateproducts thereof be added in their proper denominational relation.

A machine may be built in accordance with this invention for any numberof digits in any of the numbers to be operated u on, and a machine soconstructed will perf drm equally well the operations on any numbershaving a number of digits less than its particular capacity. The machineherein shown as an example of the idea embodied in this invention has acapacity in multiplication of three digits in the multiplicand and fourdigits in the multiplier, whereby the limiting factors are 999 and9,999. For addition its ca acity is three digits in each number; and orsubtraction 'its capacity is seven digits in the minuend and threedigits in each subtrahend. I realize that this machine may readily beadapted to perform division also, but I prefer to show and describe itin the present application without this feature.

There are twelve actuators combined into icand digits may be arrangedfour'identical actuator groups, whereby the nation of the partialproducts being represented on separate wheels. All the wheels of thethree actuators in one transverse line are mechanically connectedtogether to form one actuator group so as to be collectively rotatable,whereby the teeth thereon may be brought to predetermined positions inaccordance with one of the multiplier digits. Each of the other actuatorgroups, likewise comprising three actuators, are similarly turned inaccordance with each of the other multiplier digits in the particularproblem. The registering devices are collectively moved in groups offour pairs along respective actuators of the four actuator groups inaccordance with each multiplicand digit. Either factor may be set upfirst and when both have been set up the teeth representing the productsof all the separate multiplicand and multiplier digits are inpredetermined relation with respective registering devices.

The registering devices are permanently connected to result mdlcators insuch man- 'ner that the actuator teeth representing the digits of thepredetermined partial products are registered on the registering devicesand added on the result indicators in their proper denominationalrelation when the operating handle is given one complete rotation. Thearrangement is such that the teeth of like denomination are successivelyregistered and that the teeth of the two denominations in each partialproduct are successively registered, while the units are transferred toresult indicators of next higher denominations after each actuator grouphas been operated. The result indicators may be cleared or reset tozero, when desired, by a single operation. In this way the multiplicandand the multiplier are completely set up in the machine before theregistering devices are actuated, and the multiplication is thenperformed mechanically by one rotation ofthe operating handle, whereuponthe product is indicated in convenient relation to the factors withoutthe use of a stepby-step carriage to effect indentation. Successiveproducts may be indicated or totalized, as desired, by clearing theresult indicators when required. The registering devices and theactuator group may be retained in the positions to which they were setin accordance with the digits of the factors of the previous operation.

Addition may be regarded as the sum of the products obtained bymultiplying each of the numbers to be added by 1. Hence by successivelysetting up the numbers as multiplicands and multiplying each number by1, the total will be registered at all times on the result indicators.Subtraction is performed by this machine by arranging a second line ofdigits in reverse order on the result indicators, so that the minuendset up thereon is decreased by the subtrahend set up as a multiplicandwhen the machine is operated as if to multiply by 1.

In the accompanying drawing illustrating an embodiment of my invention,Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine with the cover removed; Fig. 2 isa longitudinal vertical elevation on section line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is alongitudinal vertical elevation on section line 3-3 of Fig.1; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical elevation on section line 4-4 ofFig. 1; Fig. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal vertical elevation on sectionline 55 of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a plan view of Fig. 5 with some of theparts thereof omitted; Fig. 7 is a perspective view of some of theelements of the transfer mechanism; Fig. 8 is a transverse verticalelevation on section line 88 of Fig. 1; Fig. 9 is a longitudinalvertical elevation on section line 9-9 of Fig. 1 showing the clearingmechanism; Fig. 10 is a plan view of parts of the carriages for settingthe registering de vices; Fig. 11 is an example illustrating theprinciple upon which the invention is based; Fig. 12 is a development ofone actuator; Fig. 18 is a top view of the machine showing the method ofindicating the factors and product upon completion of a problem inmultiplication, together with a part of the internal mechanism shown indotted lines.

The mechanism is inclosed in a box A having a cover A with suitableapertures for the indicators and suitable openings for the operatingdevices.

The actuators and the teeth thereon may have various arrangements andmay be cast, milled or built up in any suitable way. The actuators mayhave the form of a cylinder, prism, endless belt, flat surface, or anyother suitable form of support. The multiples or partial products may berepresented by teeth, cams, fingers, or any other suitable actuatingmeans either fixed relatively to the support or projectable andretractable thereon, all of which means are well known in the art andare herein broadly termed teeth. The teeth may be relatively formed torepresent the multiples of 0 to 9 of the digits 0 to 9, orthe multiples0 to 9 of the digits 1 to 9, or the multiples 1 to 9 of the digits 0 to9, the only essential condition being that all the elementary multiplesof the digits be represented and that the partial products equal to 0 berepresented by a blank space either on or off the actuator so that therespective registering devices will not be actuate-d when 0 is to beregistered. Furthermore the teeth may be arranged in reg ular orirregular order either axially of the support or at an angle thereto.The series of teeth representing the elementary multiples of the digitsmay be arranged in various ways on the actuators. For instance, oneactuator group may have a number of such series equal to the number ofdigits in one of the limiting factors; or each series may be arranged ona separate actuator, whereby product; or the teeth constituting theseries may be distributed on different supports in any other way,whereby the number of sup ports may be variously modified. In every casethe number of series of teeth representing the elementary multiples ofthe digits equals the product of the number of digits in the limitingfactors of the machine, and throughout this specification and theappended claims, I w1ll designate the support, or supports, or parts ofa support bearing one complete series of teeth as an actuator.Furthermore the actuators may be arranged in any suitable relation,either in the same,

or di erent planes, in parallel lines or tiers, in staggered or offsetrelation, or in any other suitable way.

In the machine herein shown, there are twelve identical actuators?loosely mounted on four parallel shafts B which are journaled inbearings B (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 8.) Each actuator bears teeth Brepresenting the elementary multiples 0 to 9 of the digits 0 to 9 inconsecutive arrangement around the outer periphery of pairs of wheels,the multiples of 0 being represented by a blank space between theactuators. As indicated in Fig. 12 by a development of the surface ofone actuator, the upper row represents the elementary multiples of thedigit 0, the next row representing the multiples of the digit 1, thenext row representing the multi ples of 2, and so on in consecutiveorder to v the bottom row which represents the elementary multiples ofthe digit 9. The two denominations of the partial products are arrangedin adjacent lines, and in adjacent spaces around the periphery of theactuator in order to provide for the proper disposition of the tworegisterin devices for each 1 actuator, as will be noted ater. Thespaces in which the teeth are arranged are of equal circumferentiallength so that the teeth representing the partial products areregistered by turning the actuators through equal extents irrespectiveof the number of teeth constituting the partial products. Furthermorethe teeth are so arranged relatively to the registering devices that thelower denomination is registered first and then the higher denominationof each partial'product. In this way all the elementary multipics 0 to 9of the digits 0 to 9 are represented in regular arrangement around eachactuator so that the teeth representin the roduct of any two digits isaxially distant rom one end of the actuator by a number used for thepurpose.

of rows equal to one of the digits and then circumferentially distantfrom the column of the zero multiples b a number of columns equal to theother igit. Three of such actuators in one transverse line aremechanicall fastened together so as to be collective y rotatable in onegroup. 7

The registering mechanism comprises registering devices, resultindicators having transfer mechanism, and transmitting connections fromregistering devices to result indicators. The registering devices mayhave various forms but must be adapted to be actuated by the actuatorteethso that the partial products represented thereby ma be registeredon the result indicators. I urthermore the registering devices andresult indicators must be so connected that the artial products or partsthereof are adde on the result indicators in their proper denominationalrelation. There may be a -separate registering device for eachdenomination of each partial product whereby the number of registeringdevices would equal twice the product of the number of digits in thelimitmg factors of the machine; or other suitable arrangements may beused. In order to bring the actuators into predetermined relation inaccordance with the digits of the factors to be multiplied together, theactuators, or the registering evices, or both, may be moved. This resultmay be accomplished in setting up the factors, or otherwise, the onlyessential condition being that the teeth representing the predeterminedpartial roducts in accordance with the digits of the factors to be multilied together be positioned in proper re ation to the registeringdevices to produce the product of the factors upon operating themachine.

In the machine herein shown, there is one registerin device for eachdenomination of each 0 the partial products of the digits in thelimiting factors of the machine, whereby the total number thereof equalstwice the product of the number of digits in said factors. Theregistering devices are preferably in the form of gears, althou h dogsor other well. known devices may I e There is a pair of registeringdevices C for each actuator adapted to be actuated by the teeth thereon,

and the four pair in each longitudinal line are mounted in a carri so asto be collectively moved axially o the respective actuators in atransverse line, whereby they may be moved into predetermined line withthe actuator teeth representin the elementary multiples of any one ofthe digits 0 to 9. There is one carriage C with registerin devices foreach digit in the limiting mu tiplicand, and each carriage isindependent of the others, so that one, two, or three carriages may bemoved to set up any multiplicand havin one, two, or three digits andwherein. each igit may have any value from 0 to 9. Inthis way eachmultiplicand digit in any particular problem is set up once for eachdigit in the limitin multiplier, irrespective of the number 0 multiplierdigits in the particular roblem.

Each carriage 1 comprises an arc shaped member 0 for each of the fouractuators in the same longitudinal line rigidly connected together so asto be collectively movable by means of a longitudinal bar C (Fig. 2).The arc shaped members of adjacent actuators in the same transverse andlongitudinal lines are displaced around the actuators in order tosimplify the transmitting connections from the registering devices tothe result indicators. Attached to each longitudinal bar C is a settinghandle C projecting through a slot C in the cover of the machine,- andby moving each setting handle the digit on the respective indicator C isexposed to view through the corresponding aperture C in accordance withthe position of the registering devices controlled thereby. (Fig. 13.)Each pair of registering devices adapted to be actuated by the teeth onthe respective actuator are so disposed in position with respect to thetwo lines of teeth representing each multiple of the digits that theteeth of lower denomination are first registered and then the teeth ofhigher denomination, whereby the two registering devices on the sameshaft are actuated successively, as will be noted later, although thisarrangement may be variously modified. Furthermore there is sufficientspace between the adjacent groups of teeth to allow the registeringdevices to be moved axially of the actuators when the actuators are inany" position of rest.

In multiplication the number of digits in the product is equal to, or isone less than, the sum of the number of digits in the two factors, sothat the number of result indicators should equal, as a minimum, the sumof the number of digits in the limitin factors of the machine. It isoften desirable to increase this number of result indicators in orderthat successive products may be total ized and also in order'that largernumbers may be operated on in the other arithmetical processes. However,in the machine herein shown, there are seven result indicators C equalin number to the sum of the digits in the limiting factors of themachine.

The result indicators C may have any suitable formbut those herein shownare cylindrical and have two lines of digits c0nsecutively arranged inreverse order around the outer periphery, wherein 0 of one line isopposite 9 of the other line, so that the sum of any two opposite digitsin the two lines is equal to nine, for the purpose to be noted later.The line of digits 0 visible through the apertures 0 is formultiplication and addition, while the line of digits C is forsubtraction. The slide C with apertures staggered in two lines, as shownin Fig. 13, 1s adapted to be moved to the right or left by means of thehandle 0 in the slot 0 In the right hand position, as shown, the pointerpoints to M and A, designatin multiplication and addition, and the hueof digits C on the result indicators are exposed to view through thelower line of apertures 1n the slide C", while the upper line ofapertures in the slide are closed by the cover A of the machine.Similarly with the handle (1 f at the left hand position the pointerpolnts to S, designating subtraction, and the line of digits G on theresult indicators are visible through the upper line of apertures in theslide while the lower line of apertures is closed by the cover A of themachine.

Various arrangements of the registering devices, the result indicators,and the transmitting connections extending from the registering devicesto result indicators may be used. In the machine herein shown, thecarnages C are displaced around the actuators in order that theregistering devices of the same actuator group and of the samedenomination may be mounted on the same shaft. The construction is suchthat registering devices are moved along the shafts in setting up themultiplicand digits, but are adapted to-turn the shafts when any one ofthem is actuated by the actuator teeth. I show for this pugpose a squareshaft C rotatable in bearings C (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4: and 8.) Besides theregistering devices, each shaft carries a pawl C adapted to engage aratchet wheel C When the actuators are turned in an anti-clockwisedirection as seenin Fig. 2, but to slip over the teeth thereof whenturned in the opposite direction, whereby the result indicators areturned in one direction only. The ratchet wheels C' are fastened on theshafts C which are connected by shafts (J and gears (3 to the commonshafts C and thence by gears C to the shafts C carrying the resultindicators. Each shaft 0 also has securely mounted on it a button C forsetting up a minuend in subtraction, a mutilated gear for resetting theresult indicators to 0, and parts of the transfer mechanism for carryingunits to the result indicators of next higher denominations, as will benoted later. The order of connecting registering devices and resultindicators is shown in Figs. 1 and 4, wherein the actuators aredesignated by a, b, 0, etc., in accordsame ,haft as a, while 6 isconnected to indicator of third highest denomination; c actuated by e ismounted on the same shaft as Zflwhile c is connected to the resultindicator of the fourth highest denomination;

d actuated by d is connected to the result indicator of second highestdenomination while d and e actuated by d and 0 respectively are mountedon the same shaft and are connected to the result indicator of thirdhighest denomination; e and Z are connected to the result indicator 0the fourth highest denomination; f is connected to the result indicatorof the fifth highest denomination; g is conected to the third highestdenomination; g and h are on the same shaft and connected to the fourthhighest denomination; [b and i are on the same shaft and connected tothe fifth highest denomination; i is connected to the sixth and 7' tothe fourth; 7' and k are on the same shaft and connected to the fifthdenomination; k and 'm are on the same shaft and connected to the sixthdenomination; and

finally m actuated by the actuator m is on a shaft by itself and isconnected to the result indicator of the seventh highest denomination,which is the result indicator of lowest denomination. From this it isobserved that .two registering devices are mounted on each shaft, exceptthe ones of highest and lowest denominations, to register the teeth ofrespective actuators; Furthermore it will be observed that "each re sultindicator, except those of highest and lowest denominations, areactuated by a plurality of registering devices, the number dependingupon the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine. Alsothe result indicator of each denomination except the highest. and lowestis directly actuated by two actuators, the term directly being used toexclude the actuation resulting from a transfer operation.

Although various other arrangements may be used to position theregistering devices and the actuators in predetermined relation, theregistering devices of each carriage in the construction herein shownare moved to the line of teeth which represent that multiple of thedigits 0 to 9 equal to the digit to be set up, and then each actuatorgroup comprising the three actuators in one transverse line is turneduntil the teeth representing the predetermined partial products are incoacting position to subsequentlyactuate the respective registeringdevices, whereby the teeth representing the se arate products of each ofthe digits of the actors to be multiplied together are brought intocoacting re ation with respective register ing devices. The mechanismfor turning the actuators in accordance with the digits of themultiplier and for indicating the digits set up, are termed multipliernumbers,

there being one such member for each transverse group of threeactuators. Each mu]- tiplier member comprises a shaft B on which thethree actuators are loosely mounted, a ratchet wheel D securely mountedthereon, a spring pressed awl D pivoted to the actuator group an adaptedto engage the respective ratchet, a handle D for turning the shaft,anindicator D with consecutively arranged di 'ts securely mountedthereon and adapte to expose to view the multiplier digit set up throughthe aperture D in the cover, and a ratchet wheel D fixed on the shaftand engagin with a spring pressed pawl D to force t e exact position ofthe shaft and to prevent the andle from being turned backward. (Figs. 1and 2.) Thus when a multiplier digit is to be set up, the proper handleD is turned in a clockwise direction as viewed from the front of themachine until the digit desired is exposed to view, thereby causing theratchet D to turn the actuator group until the predetermined teeththereon are brought into line with the res ective registering devices.The number of teeth in ratchet D is less than the number of spaces intowhich the periphery of the actuator is divided, for the purposehereinafter noted. As the actuators are being turned to set up themultiplier digits, the registering devices in the path of the actuatorteeth are turned in anti-clockwise direction in Fig. 2, but neither theresult thereto by the transmitting connections nor the common shafts areactuated, due to the interposed pawls and ratchets C and C". Hence theregistering devices may be set up either before or after the actuatorsare set up, and neither the registering devices nor the actuators needbe reset to zero after the completion of each problem. Furthermore'themultiplier digits may be set u successively, in groups, or collectively,an in any order or combination whatsoever, the only essential conditionbeing that predetermined teeth on the actuators be rought into line withrespective registering devices in accordance with the digits of one ofthe factors to be multiplied. If that factor contains a number of di 'tsless than the capacity of the machine, then the respective registeringdevices for the actuator groups set to zero will be in the blank spacesrepresenting the zero multiples, and hence will not be actuated uponsubsequent operation of the machine. In this way the machine is adaptedto perform multiplication of any two factors wherein either or both hasa number of digits equal to or less than the number of di its in thelimiting factors of the machine. The predetermined partial productsrepresented y istered on the result indicators after eac indicatorsconnected actuator teeth, may be reg;

actuator and the respective registering devices have been brought intopredetermined eoacting relation or after all the digits of both factorshave been set up. It is desirable, although not absolutely essential, tosuccessively register those parts of the partial products which are ofthe same denomination, and furthermore it is desirable to successivelyactuate those registering devices which are mounted on the same shaft.

In the machine herein shown, the actuators are turned to register theteeth representing the predetermined partial products, and the threeactuators comprising an actuator group are turned collectively throughlike extents, so that the number of successive operations is four orequal to the number of digits in the limiting multiplier. The extentthrough which each actuator group is turned to register the teeth on theresult indicators is constant, irrespective of the number of teethregistered, since the teeth are arranged in spaces of equal peripheralextent, as previously noted. Various other arrangements and methods ofoperation may be used. Securely attached to each actuator group is agear E adapted to be engaged by the teeth on a respective rack E andthere by turned through the angle subtended by one space on theactuator, or one-tenth of a rotation. (Figs. 1, 2 and 3.) These racksare normally held in the position shown in Fig. 3 against the action ofthe spring E The machine is entirely operated by one complete rotationof the operating handle E whereupon the shaft E, operatively connectedthereto by the shaft E and the gears E, is turned one complete rotation.There is a cam E and a toothed segment E fixed on the shaft E for eachrack E and all the cams are adapted to simultaneously al low the springsE to pull the pivoted levers E out of latching engagement with theracks, whereupon the racks are simultaneously pulled by the spring E tothe position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2. Hence the actuator groupsare simultaneously turned through one-tenth of a rotation in thedirection in which they were set up, so that the result indicator andthe common shafts are not actuated during this period, while the shaft Bwill also remain unturned since the pawl D carried by the actuator groupslips along a part of one tooth of the ratchet D to the position shownin dotted lines in Fig. 2. The toothed segments E are successivelydisplaced angularly with a space between them of sufficient amount tooperate the transfer mechanism, as will be noted later, whereby the fourracks E will be successively returned to their normal positions. In thisway the actuator groups are successively turned backward and therebyregister the teeth representing the predetermined partial products onthe result indicators in their proper denominational relation. Vhen theoperating handle has been turned through one complete rotation to theline marked Stop in Fig. 13, all the racks E will be returned to theirlatched position and the actuator groups returned to their normalposition, so that the machine is ready for a subsequent operation. Theratchet wheels D are provided with an indentation as shown in Fig. 2 inorder that the actuator groups will not continue to rotate after themultiplier handles D have been stopped.

The function of the transfer mechanism herein shown is four fold;primarily to carry a unit to the next higher denomination when resultindicators are not being actuated by the actuator teeth; secondly, toassume the position for carrying units as a result indicator passes from9 to 0 or 0 to 9 according to the arithmetical process being performed;thirdly to provide for successive transfers when the result indicator towhich a unit is to be carried is at nine in multiplication or additionand at zero in subtraction, whereby all the transfers may be made at thesame time; and fourthly to reset all the transfer mechanism after theoperation of carrying is completed. Securely mounted on each shaft C isa result indicator G a gear F, a cam F with a nose projection F and acam F with a cut-out F (Figs. 1, 5, 6 and 7.) The transfer bar F hasteeth F adapted to engage the toothed wheel F which'is operativelyconnected with shaft E by the engaging gears F so that when theoperating handle is turned to operate the actuator groups the toothedwheel F 7 is turned in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 4 and one ofthe four teeth thereon engages with the teeth on the transfer bar F whenthe actuator groups are not being operated. The transfer bar is moved tothe right, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 5, and is subsequently returnedafter the transfer operation by means of the spring F. When the transferbar is moved to the right the result indicators to which a unit is to becarried are turned through one digit, and immediately thereafter thetransfer mechanism is restored to normal position and the transfer barreturned to the position shown in Fig. 5. Each result indicator exceptthe one of highest denomination is provided with a dog F pivoted on thepin F to the transfer bar F The end F of the dog is adapted to bepressed back by the nose F of cam F as the respective indicator is passing from 9 to 0 in multiplication or addition and from 0 to 9 insubtraction, and to be held in this position by means of the spring clipF The other end F of the dog is adapted in its raised position to engagethe gear F when the transfer bar F 5 is moved to the right and therebyturn the result indieator of the next higher denomination through onedigit in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 5, whereby one unit is addedon the line of digits for multiplication and addition while one unit issubtracted on the line of digits for subtraction. For each resultindicator exceptthose of highest and lowest denominations there is amember F pivoted 0n the pin F The part F is in line with the cut-out Fof cam F and is adapted to be pulled therein by the spring F when thedigit 9 for multiplication and addition or the digit 0 for subtractionis exposed'to view. The part F of this member is prevented from rising,when the dog F is not pressed back. by the hook F but is permitted torise when the dog F has been pressed back to transfer a unit, so thatwhen the dog of next lower denomination has been pressed back out of thepath of F the spring F is free to pull the member F into the cut-out 1and thereby cause the end F to press the pin F down and thereby raisethe end F to the position where it will transfer a unit when thetransfer bar is moved to the right. Hence when any indicator shows thedigit 9 in multiplication and addition or the digit 0 in subtraction, itwill quickly actuate its dog to the position for transferring a unit tothe indicator of next higher denomination as soon as the dog of the nextlower denomination is actuated, and this operation will continuethroughout the series of result indicators in this position, so thatsuccessive transfers will be made throughout all the result indicators,if the occasion arises, during one movement of the transfer bar to theright. At the end of the transfer movement all the dogs F and members Fwill be returned to their normal position as shown in Fig. 5 by means ofthe stationary pins F which lie in the path of the projection. F of thedogs when the dogs are in the position for transferring units. In thisway the end F of the dogs are brought to their depressed position justafter the units have been transferred and just before the transfer barhas started its return movement, so that the result indicators to whichunits were carried are not turned back again when the transfer bar ispulled back by the spring F Any other suitable. transfer mechanism maybe used.

lVhenever desired the result indicators may be cleared in the followingway: Each of the shafts C carries a mutilated gear H. so that when therack II is moved to the right by the handle I1 all the result indicatorsare simultaneously reset to zero. The rack 11 is then automaticallyreturned to the normal position shown .in Fig. S) by the spring Hi Themethod of operating the machine for performing multiplication will nowbe described. The handle C is set so as to point to M as shown in Fig.13, and the result indicators are cleared. if necessary. Themultiplicand buttons C are moved to set up the digits of one factor tobe multiplied, herein termed the multiplieand digits, and the multiplierhandles 1) are turned to set up the digits of the other factor, hereintermed the multiplier digits." Either factor may be set up first and thedigits of either factor may be set up simultai'ieously, in groups, orcollectively, and in any order whatsoever. Furthermore the digits may beset 11p from the zero position or fron'i any other position which theymay have previously had. The operating handle I) is then turned onecomplete rotation in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 13, whereuponthe teeth representing the partial products predetermined in accordancewith the sepa ate digits of the two factors are added in properdenominational relation to register the product on the resultindicators. Now if the. product of two other factors is to bedetermined, the result indicators are cleared by shifting the handle 11to the right, the necessary digits in the two factors are changed inaccordance with the. second problem and the machine is operated asbefore. If the successive products are to be tot alizcd then the resultindicators are not cleared between the separate operations.

Addition is performed b totalizing the successive products of eachnumber multiplied by 1. \Vith the handle. C indicating addition as shownin Fig. 1.3, and with the result indicators cleared, the digits of thefirst number are set up by the buttons C, and then the proper multipliermember D is set to l and the other multiplier handles to 0. The machineis then operated as before, whereupon the number will appear onthercsult indicators. The next number is similarly set up and themachine again operated, whereupon the second number is addcd to thefirst. This operation is repeated until all the numbers have been added,the total appearing at all times on the result indicators.

To perform subtraction the handle C is moved to the left in Fig. 113 toindicate subtraction, and then the minncnd is set up on the resultindicators by ineansof the button (1. The subtrahend is set up by the.buttons 4 and the proper multiplier handles D is turned to 1 and theothers to O. The 0 erating handle E is then turned as be ore, whereuponthe difference will appear on the result indicators. Other subtrahcndsmay then be subtracted from the difference by repeating the sameoperation. It will be observed that the miuucnd must be set up in suchmanner that no result indicator is teeth and registering devices intoturned from 0 to 9, because then the transfer mechanism would be set toerroneously carry a unit.

,In the appended claims, where I use the phrase the limiting factors ofthe machine, I mean the maximum multiplicand and the maximum multiplierprovided for.

My co-pending application Serial No. 630,162, filed May 29, 1911, isintended to broadly cover a calculating machine having a non-indentingadding mechanism and a non-indenting actuating mechanism therefor of anysuitable kind, wherein the partial results may be added on the addingmechanism in proper denominational relatlon to indicate the final resultwithout employing a step-by-step carriage for the purpose. The appendedclaims of this application are intended to cover a calculating machineof this kind wherein the separate digits of the products of the separatemultiplicand and multiplier digits are registered on the addingmechanism in proper denominational relation to indicate thereon thefinal result without employing a step-by-step carriage for this purpose.

Having thus described my invention, I claim is:

1. A calculating machine comprising actuators bearing teeth representingdigits, registering devices adapted to be actuated by said teeth, resultindicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connections betweenthe registering devices and resultindicators, means for bringing theactuator predetermined relation in accordance with the separate digitsof the two factors to be multiplied together, and means for adding thedigits represented by the predetermined teeth in proper denominationalrelation.

2. A calculating machine comprising actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits, registering devices adapted to be actuated by saidteeth, result indicators having transfer mechanism, transmittingconnections between the registering devices and result indicators, meansfor bringing the actuator-s and registering devices into predeterminedrelation in accordance with the digits of the factors to be multipliedto gether, and operating mechanism for operating the actuators.

3. A calculating machine comprising actuator groups equal in number tothe digits in one of the limiting factors of the ma chine, wherein eachgroup comprises a plurality of actuators, registering devices adapted tobe actuated by actuator groups, result indicators having transfermechanism,transmitting connections between the registering devices andresult indicators, means for predetermining the actuation of theregistering what devices in accordance with the digits of the actuatedby the actuators, result indicators I having transfer mechanism,transmitting connections between'the registering devices and resultindicators, means for predetermining the actuation of the registeringdevices in accordance with the digits of the factors to be multipliedtogether, and operating mechanism for operating the actuators.

5. A calculating machine comprising actuators equal in number to theproduct of the number of digits in the limiting factors of machine,registering devices adapted to be actuated by actuators, resultindicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connections betweenthe registering devices and result indicators, means for predeterminingthe subsequent actuation of the registering devices in accordance withthe digits of the factors to be multiplied together, and operatingmechanism for operating the actu ators.

6. A calculating machine comprising actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits and being equal in number to the product of thenumber of digits in the limiting factors of the machine,,registeringdevices for each actuator adapted to be actuated by the teeth thereon,result indicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connectionsbetween the registering devices and result indicators, means forbringing the actuator teeth and registering devices into predeterminedrelation in accordance with the digits of the factors to be multipliedtogether, and operating mechanism for operating the actuators.

7. A calculating machine comprising actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits and being equal in number to the product of thenumber of digits in the limiting factors of the machine, registeringdevices adapted to be actuated by the actuator teeth, res lt indicatorshaving transfer mechanism, transmitting connections between theregistering devices and result indicators, carriages for moving theregistering devices into predetermined line with actuators in accordancewith the digits of one factor to be multiplied, multiplier members formoving the actuators in accordance with the digits of the other factorto be multiplied, and operating mechanism for operating the actuators.

, having trans 8. A calculating machine comprising actuators,registering devices for setting up each digit of one factor to bemultiplied a number of times equal to the number of digits in thelimiting multiplier, result indicators er mechanism, transmittingconnections between the registering devices and result indicators,multiplier members equal in number to the number of digits in thelimiting multiplier, each multiplier member being adapted to determinein accordance with one digit of the other factor to be multiplied themovement of those actuators on which the respective digits of the firstnamed factor to be multiplied may be set up, and operating mechanism foroperating the actuators.

9. A calculating machine comprising actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits and being equal in number to the product of thenumber of digits in the limiting multiplicand and multiplier,registering devices adapted to be actuated by the actuator teeth, resultindicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connections betweentheregistering devices and result indicators, multiplier members equalin number to the number of digits in the limiting multiplier, eachmultiplier member being adapted to move in accordance with one digit ofthe other factor to be multiplied a number of actuators equal to thenumber of digits in the limiting multiplicand, and operating mechanismfor operating the actuators.

10. A calculating machine comprising actuators, registering devicesadapted to be actuated thereby, result indicators having transfermechanism, transmitting connections between the registering devices andresult indicators, means for predetermining the actuation of theregistering devices in accordance with the digits of the factors to bemultiplied together, and operating mechanism for successively operatingthose actuators which eflect actuation of the same result indicator.

11. A calculating machine comprising actuators bearing teethrepresenting multiples of digits and being equal in number to theproduct of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine,registering devices adapted to be actuated by the actuator teeth, resultindicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connections be tweenthe registering device and result indicators, means for bringing theactuator teeth and registering devices into predetermined relation inaccordance with the digits of the factors to be multiplied together, andoperating mechanism for successlvely operating those actuators whichefiect actuation of the same result indicators.

12. A calculating machine comprising actuators, registering devicesadapted to' be actuated thereby, result indicators having transfermechanism, transmitting connections permanently connecting theregistering devices and result indicators, means for predetermining theactuation of the registering devices in accordance with the digits ofthe factors to be multiplied together, and operating mechanism foroperatlng the actuators.

13. A calculating machine comprising actuators, registering devicesadapted to be actuated thereby, a number of result indicators equal as aminimum to the sum of the number of digits in the limiting factors ofthe machine and less in number than the number of registering devices,transfer mechanism for the result indicators, transmitting connectionsbetween the registering devices and result indicators, means forpredetermining the actuation of the registering devices in accordancewith the digits of the factors to be multiplied together, and operatingmechanism for operating the actuators.

14. A calculating machine comprising a plurality of actuators bearingteeth representing multiples of digits registering devices adapted to beactuated by the actuator teeth and being equal in number to twice theproduct of the number of digits in the limitin factors of the machine, anumber of resu t indicators equal as a minimum to the sum of the numberof digits in the limiting factors of the machine, transfer mechanism forthe result indicators, transmitting connections between the registeringdevices and result indicators, means for bringing the actuator teeth andregistering devices into predetermined relation in accordance with thedigits of the factors to be multiplied together, and operating mechanismfor operating the actuators.

15. A calculating machine comprising actuators, registering devicesadapted to be actuated thereby. a number of result indicators equal as aminimum to the sum of the number of digits in the limiting factors ofthe machine, transfer mechanism for the result indicators, transmittingconnections between the registering devices and result indicators 'soarranged that each actuator directly effects the actuation of two resultindicators, means for predetermining the actuation of the registeringdevices in accord ance with the digits of the factors to be multipliedtogether, and operating mechanism for operating the actuators.

7 16. A calculating machine comprising actuators bearing teethrepresenting multiples of digits and being equal in number to theproduct of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine,registering devices adapted to be actuated by the actuator teeth, anumber of result indicators equal as a minimum to the sum of the numberof digits in the limiting factors of the machine, transfer mechanism forthe result indicators, transmitting connecti one between the registeringdevices and result indicators so arranged that each actuator effects thedirect actuation of two result indicators, means for predetermining theactuation of the registering devices in accordance with the digits ofthe factors to be multiplied together, and operating mechanism foroperating the actuators.

17. A calculating machine comprising actuators, registering devicesadapted to be actuated thereby, result indicators having transfermechanism, transmitting connections between the registering devices andresult indicators, means for predetermining the actuation of theregistering devices in accordance with the digits of the factors to bemultiplied together, and operating mechanism for operating the actuatorsthrough like extents.

18. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication ofthe product of any two factors of one or more digits up to the numberprovided for, an adding mechanism having product indicators ofsuccessive denominatons, a plurality of actuators bearing teethrepresenting digits, a plurality of registering devices adapted to beactuated by the actuators, transmitting connections between theindicators and registering devices, setting means for relativelypositioning the actuators and registering devices in accordance with theseparate digits of the multiplicand and the multiplier, and mechanismfor effecting actuation of the registering devices to advance theindicators in accordance with the digits represented by thepredetermined actuator teeth and thereby indicate the product of themultiplicand and multiplier.

19. A calculating machine comprising actuator groups equal in number tothe number of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machinewherein each group contains a number of actuators equal to the number ofdigits in the other limiting factor of the machine, registering devicesadapted to be actuated by actuators, transmitting connectionspermanently connecting the registertiples of digits and being equal innumber to the product of the number of digits in the limiting factors ofthe machine, a pair of registering devices for each actuator adapted tobe actuated by the teeth thereon, result indicators having transfermechanism, transmitting connections permanently connecting theregistering devices and result indicators, carriages for moving theregistering devices into predetermined relation with the actuators inaccordance with the digits of one factor to be multiplied, multipliermembers for moving the actuators in accordance with the digits of theother factor to be multiplied, and operating mechanism for operating theactuators through like extents.

21. In ancalculating machine, a number of actuators equal to the productof the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine, each ofsaid actuators bearing teeth representing multiples of digits.

22. In a calculating machine, a number 01' actuators equal to theproduct of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine,each of said actuators bearing teeth representing partial products.

23. In a calculating machine, a number of actuator groups equal to thenumber of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine whereineach group comprises a plurality of actuators, each bearing teethrepresenting digits.

24-. In a calculating machine, a number of actuator groups equal to thenumber of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine. whereineach group contains a plurality of actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits.

25. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuator groups whereineach group comprises a number of actuators equal to the number of digitsin one of the limiting factors of the. machine, each of said actuatorsbearing teeth representing digits.

26. In a calculating machine, a number of actuator groups equal to thenumber of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine whereineach group comprises a number of actuators equal to the number of digitsin the other limiting factor of the machine, each of said actuatorsbearing teeth representing multiples of digits.

27. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators bearing teethrepresenting multiples of digits, a plurality of registering devices foreach actuator adapted to be actuated thereby in succession, andoperating mechanism for operating the actuators.

28. In a calculating machine, a'ctuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits, a pair of registering devices adapted to beactuated thereby in succession, and operating mechanism for operatingthe actuators.

29. In a calculating machine, a plurality of .tuators, a number of reisterin devices adapted to be actuated thereby equal to twice theproduct of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine.4

30. In a calculating machine, a number of actuators equal to the numberof digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine, and a pair ofregistering devices for each actuator adapted to be collectively broughtinto predetermined line therewith in accordance with a digit to be set u31. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators on whichmultiples of digits are represented, and a plurality of registeringdevices adapted to be actuated by respective actuators.

32. In a calculating machine, actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits and being equal in number to the product of thenumber of digits in the limiting factors of the machine, and a pair ofregistering devices for each actuator adapted to be actuated by theteeth thereon.

33. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, registeringdevices equal in number to twice the product of the number of digits inthe limiting factors of the ma.- chine, and means for bringing theactuators and registering devices into predetermined line in accordancewith the digits of a number to be set up.

34. In a calculating machine, actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits, a plurality of registering devices adapted to beactuated by the actuator teeth, and means .for bringing the actuatorsand registering devices into predetermined line in accordance with thedigits of a number to be set up. l

35. In a calculating machine, actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits and being equal in number to the product of thenumber of digits in the limiting factors of the machine, a pair ofregistering devices for each actuator adapted to be actuated by theteeth thereon, and means:

for bringing the actuators and registering devices into predeterminedline in accordance with the digits of-a number to be set up. i

36. In a calculating machine, an actuator I bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits, a carriage, a plurality of registering devicesmounted in said carriage, and means for moving said carriage intopredetermined line with said actuator in accordance with a digit to beset up.

37. In a calculating machine, a number of actuators equal to the numberof digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine, a carriage, apair of registering devices in the carriage for each actuator, and meansfor moving the carriage into predetermined line with the actuators inaccordance with a digit to be set up.

38. In a calculating machine, a plurali of actuators bearing teethrepresenting mu tiples, a number of carriages equal to the number ofdigits in one of the limiting factors of the machine, a plurality ofregistering devices in each carriage adapted to be actuated by theactuator teeth, and means for moving the carriages into predeterminedline with the actuators in accordance with the digits of a number to beset up.

39. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, a number ofcarriages equal to the number of digits in one of the limiting factorsof the machine, a number of registering devices in each carria e equalto twice the number of digits in t e other limiting factor of themachine, and means for moving said carriages into predetermined linewith the actuators in accordance with the digits of a number to be setup.

40. In a calculating 'machine, actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits and being equal in number to the product of thenumber of digits in the limiting factors of the machine. a numberofcarriages equal to the number of digits in one of said factors, anumber of registering devices in each carriage equal to twice the numberof digits in the other of said factors, and means for moving saidcarriages into predetermined line with said actuators in accordance withthe digits of a number to be set up.

41. In a calculating machine, a pluralit of actuators bearing teethrepresenting mu tiples of digits, multiplier members for movingrespective actuators in accordance with the digits of a number to be setup, and indicating devices for indicating the digits set up.

. 42. In a calculating machine, a number of actuator groups equal to thenumber of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine whereineach group comprises a number of actuators equal to the number of digitsin the other limiting factor of the machine, a multiplier member formoving each actuator group in accordance with a digit to be set up, andindicating devices for indicating the digits set up. i 43. In acalculating machine, actuators bearing teeth representing multiples ofdigits and being equal in number to the product of the number of digitsin the limiting factors of the machine, multiplier members for moving,in accordance with each digit of one number to be set up, a number ofactuators equal to the number of digits in one of said factors, andindicating devices for indicating the digits set up.

44. In a calculating machine, actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits and being equal in number to the product of thenumber of digits in the limit ing factors of the machine, multipliermembers equal in number to the number of digits/ in one of said factors,each of said multiplier members being adapted to collectively move anumber of actuators equal to the number of digits in the other of saidfactors in accordance with a digit of a number to be set up, andindicating devices for indicating the digits set up. V

45. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators bearing teethrepresenting multiples of digits, a plurality of registering devicesadapted to be actuated by the actuator teeth, means for bringing theactuators and registering devices into predetermined line in accordancewith the digits of one factor to be multiplied, and other means forsubsequently bringing the predetermined actuator teeth and registeringdevices into coacting relation in accordance with the digits of theother factor to be multiplied.

46. In a calculating machine, a number of actuator groups equal to thenumber of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine,registering devices for each actuator group, means for bringing actuatorgroups and registering devices into predetermined line in accordancewith the digits of one factor to be multiplied, and other means forsubsequently bringing actuator groups and registering devices intocoacting relation in accordance with the digits of the other factor tobe multiplied.

47. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, registeringdevices equal in number to twice the product of the number of digits inthe limiting multiplicand and multiplier, means for bringing intopredetermined line in accordance with each digit of onefactor to bemultiplied actuators and a number of registering devices equal to twicethe number of digits in said multiplier, and other means forsubsequently bringing respective actuators and registering devices intocoacting relation in accordance with the digits of the other factor tobe multiplied.

48. In a calculating machine, a number of actuators equal to the productof the number of digits in the limiting multiplicand and multiplier, anumber of registering devices equal to twice the said product, means forbringing into predetermined line in accordance with each digit of onefactor to be multiplied a number of actuators equal to the number ofdigits in said multiplier and two registering devices for each actuator,and other means for subsequently bringing into coacting relation foreach digit of the other factor to be multiplied the respectiveregistering devices and a number of actuators equal to the number ofdigits in said multiplicand.

49. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators bearing teethrepresenting multlples of digits, a plurality of carriages, a pluralityof registering devices in each carriage, means for moving the carriagesin accordance with the digit of one factor to be mult plied, wherebyregisterin devices are broug t into predetermined hne with respectiveactuators, and means for moving the actuators in accordance with thedigits of the other factors to be multiplied,whereby predeterminedactuator teeth and registering devices are brought into coactingrelation.

50. In a calculating machine, a number of actuator groups equal to thenumber of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine, aplurality of carr1ages,each having different registering devices for theseveral actuator groups, means for moving each carriage in accordancewith a digit of one factor to be multiplied, and other means for movingeach actuator group in accordance wlithia digit of the other factor tobe multip 1e 51. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, anumber of carriages equal to the number of digits in one of the limitingfactors of the machine, a pair of registering devices in each carriagefor each digit of the other limiting factor of the machine, means formoving each carriage in accord-. ance with a digit of one factor to bemultiplied, and other means for moving predetermined actuators inaccordance with the digits of the other factor to be multi lied.

52. In a calculating machine, a num er of" actuators equal to theproduct of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine,a number of carriages equal to the number of digits in one of saidfactors, a number of registering devices in each carriage equal to twicethe number of digits in the other of said factors, means for moving eachcarriage in accordance with a digit of one factor to be multiplied, andother means for moving in accordance with each digit of the other factorto be multiplied a number of actuators equal to the number of digits inthe other of said limiting factor.

53. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, registeringdevices adapted to be actuated thereby and being equal in number totwice the product of the number of digits in the limiting factors of themachine, result indicators equal in number, as a minimum, to the sum ofthe number of digits in said factors, and transmitting connectionsconnecting said registering devices and said result indicators.

54. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators bearing teethrepresenting multiples of digits, registering devices adapted to beactuated by the actuator teeth, a number of result indicators equal, asa minimum,

to the sum of the number of digits in the limiting factors of themachine, and transmitting connections permanently connecting theregistering devices and result indicators.

55. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators bearing teethrepresenting multiples of digits, registering devlces adapted to beactuated by t 1c teeth on respective actuators and bein equal in numberto twice the product of t e number of digits in the limiting factors ofthe machine, a. number of result indicators equal, as a minimum, to thesum of the digits in said factors, and transmitting connectionspermanentl connecting the registering devices and resu t indicators.

56. In a, calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indicationof the product of any two factors of one or more digits up to the numberprovided for, an adding mechanism having roduct indicators of successivedenominatlons, a plurality of actuators bearing teeth representingpartial products, a plurality of registering devices adapted to beactuated by the actuators, transmitting connections between theindicators and registering devices, setting means for relativelypositioning the actuators and registering devices, and mechanism foreffecting actuation of the registering devices to advance the indicatorsin accordance with the partial products represented by the predeterminedactuator teeth and thereby indicate the product of the multiplicand andmultiplier.

57. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators bearing teethrepresenting multiples of digits, registering devices adapted to beactuated by the actuator teeth, means for bringing the actuators andregistering devices into predetermined relation in accordance with thedigits of the factors to be multiplied together, and operating mechanismfor operating the actuators.

58. In a calculating machine, a number of actuator groups equal to thenumber of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine,registering devices adapted to be actuated thereby, means for bringingthe actuator groups and registering devices into predetermined relationin accordance with the digits of the factors to be multiplied together,and operating mechanism for successively operating the actuator groups.

59. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, registeringdevices adapted to be actuated thereby, means for bringing the actuatorsand registering devices into predetermined relation in accordance withthe digits of the factors to be multiplied together, and operatingmechanism'for operating the actuators through like extent.

60. In a calculating machine, actuators bearing teeth representingmultiples of digits and being equal in number to the product of thenumber of digits in the limiting factors of the machine, a pair ofregistering devices for each actuator adapted to be actuated thereby,means for bringing the actuators and registering devices intoredetermined relation in accordance with t e digits of the factors to bemultiplied together, and operatmg mechanism for operating the actuatorssuccessively in groups wherein each group comprises a number ofactuators equal to the number of digits in one of the limiting factorsof the machine.

61. In a calculatin machine, a plurality of actuators, a plurality ofregistering devices adapted to be actuated thereby, a plurality ofresult indicators, transmitting connections between the registerindevices and result indicators, means for bringing the registeringdevices and actuators into predetermined relation in accordance with thedigits of the factors to be multiplied together, and operating mechanismfor effectingsuccessive actuatlon of those registering devices which areconnected to same result indicator.

62. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, registeringdevices adapted to be actuated thereby and being equal in numher totwice the product of the number of digits in the limiting factors of themachine, a number of result indicators equal, as a minimum, to the sumof the digits in said factors, transmitting connections between theregistering devices and result indicators, and operating mechanism foreffecting successive actuation of those registering devices which areconnected to the same result indicator.

63. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators bearing teethrepresenting multiples of digits wherein the multiples are arranged inspaces of equal length, registering devices adapted to be actuated bythe actuator teeth, means for bringing the actuators and registeringdevices into predetermined relation in accordance with the digits of thefactors to be multiplied together, and operating mechanism for movingeach actuator through the extent of said space.

64. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism having indicators ofdifferent denominations, a plurality of registering devices includingseveral of the same denomination, operative connections between theregistering devices and the indicators, and operating mechanism designedto operate the registering devices of the same denominationssuccessively.

65. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism having a plurality ofindicators of different denominations, a plurality of registeringdevices including several of each of certain denominations operativelyconnected to the same indicator, and operating mechanism designed tooperate the registering devices of the same denomination successively.

66. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism having a plurality ofindicators, a plurality of actuators, a plurality of registering devicesactuated bythe actuators and comprising several ones in each of certaindenominations, and operating mechanism for the actuators driven from asingle source and designed to operate the actuators in such manner thatthe registering devices having the same denomination are actuatedsuccessively.

67. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, having indicators ofdifferent denominations, a plurality of registering devices whereinthosehaving the same denomination are connected to the same indicator andwherein those havin different denominations are connected to iiferentindicators, and operating mechanism effective successively on theregistering devices having the same denomination and eifectivesimultaneously on the registering devices having differentdenominations.

68. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, registeringdevices adapted to be actuated thereby, result indicators operativelyconnected with the registering de vices, operating mechanism foroperatlng the actuators successively, transfer mechanism for the resultindicators adapted to be set for carrying units upon actuation of theresult indicators, and means for carrying the units to the resultindicators of next higher denominations after each successive operation.

69. Ina calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication ofthe product of any two factors of one or more digits up to the numberprovided for, a non-indenting adding mechanism comprisi g a plurality ofproduct indicators of successive denominations, means for selectingaseries of product indicators in accordance with the denomination ofeach digit of the multiplier, and mechanism for advancing the productindicators of each series in accordance with the sum of the digits oflike denomination forming the partial products of the separatemultiplicand digits and the multiplier digit corresponding to thatseries; substantially as described.

70. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication ofthe product tively positioning the actuating means and registeringdevices, means for operatively connecting predetermined registeringdevices with a series of product indicators in accordance with thedenomination of each digit of the multiplier, and mechanism foractuating the registering device to advance the product indicators ofeach series in accordance with the sum ofthe digits of like denominationforming the partial products of the separate multiplicand digits and themultiplier digit corresponding to that series; substantially asdescribed. 71. In a calculatin machine for mechanlcally attaining an inication of the product of any two factors of one or more digits up tothe number provided for, a non-indenting adding mechanism comprising aplurality of product indicators of successive denominations, actuatorsbearing teeth representing multiples of digits, registering 'dBVlCBSadapted to be actuated by said teeth, means for relatively positioningthe actuators and registering devices, means for operatively connectlngpredetermined registering devices with a series of product indicators inaccordance with the denomination of each digit of the multiplier, andmechanism for actuating the registering devices to advance the productindicators of each series in accordance with the sum of the digits oflike denomination formin the partial products of the separatemuItiplicand digits and the multiplier digit corresponding 'to thatseries; substantially as described.

7 2. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indicationof the roduct of any two factors of one or more igits up to the numberprovided for, a non-indentin adding mechanism comprising a plura ity ofproduct indicators of successive denominations,-actuators bearing teethrepresenting multiples of digits, registering devices adapted to beactuated by said teeth, means for relatively positioning the actuatorsand registering devices, means for operatively connecting predeterminedregistering devices with a series of Product indicators in accordancewith the denomination of each digit of the multiplier, and mechanismdesigned to subsequently actuate the registering devices to advance eachseries of indicators in accordance with the product of the multiplicandand the multiplier digit corresponding to that series; substantially asdescribed.

7 3. In -a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indicationof the product of any two factors of one or more di its up i actuatingmeans, setting means for relatively positioning the actuating means andregistering devices in accordance with the separate digits of themultlplicand and multiplier, means for operatively connectingpredetermined registering devices with a series of product indicators inaccordance with the denomination of each digit of the multiplier, andmechanism for effecting actuation of the registering devices to advanceeach series of product indicators in accordance with the product of themultiplicand and the multiplier digit corresponding to that series;substantially as described.

74. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication ofthe product of any two factors of one or more digits up to the numberprovided for, a non-indenting adding mechanism comprising a plurality ofproduct indicators of succesive denominations, a plurality ofnon-indenting registering devices, means for operatively connecting theregistering devices and product indicators, means for selecting a seriesof product indicators in accordance with the denomination of each digitof the multiplier, and mechanism for actuating the registering devicesto advance the individual product indicators in accordance with the sumof the digits of like denomination of the products of the separatedigits comprising the multiplicand and multiplier; substantially asdescribed.

75. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication ofthe product of any two factors of one or more digits up to the numberprovided for, a non-indenting adding mechanism comprising a plurality ofproduct indicators of successive denominations, a plurality ofnon-indenting registering devices, means for operatively connect ing theregistering devices and product indicators, and mechanism for actuatingthe individual registering devices in accordance with each digit of theproducts of the separate digits comprising the multiplicand andmultiplier; substantially as described.

76. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication ofthe product of any two factors of one or more digits up to the numberprovided for, a non-indenting adding mechanism comprising a plurality ofproduct indicators of successive denominations, a plurality ofnon-indenting registering devices, means for operatively connecting theregistering devices and product indicators, means for selecting inaccordance with the denomination of each digit of the multiplier .21;series of product indicators comprising a number thereof equal to onemore than the number of digits in the multiplicand, and mechanism foractuating the registering devices to advance the individual productindicators of each series in accordance with a digit of the separateproducts of the multiplicand digits and the multiplier digitcorresponding to that series; substantially as described.

77.. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indicationof the product of any two factors of one or more d1 its up to the numberprovided for, a non-incfiant' adding mechanism comprising a pluralityrfi product indicators of successive denominations, actuating means, aplurality of nonindenting registering devices adapted to be actuated bythe actuating means, setting means for relatively positioning the actuating means and registering devices, transmitting devices extending totheproduct indicators and arranged in connective relation with theactuating means through the registering devices, means for selectlng aseries of transmitting devices in accordance with the denomination ofeach digit of the multiplier, and mechanism for actuating thetransmitting devices of each series to advance the product indicators inaccordance with the product of the multiplicand and the multiplier digitcorresponding to that series; substantially as described.

78. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication ofthe product of any two factors of one or more digits up to the numberprovided for, a non-indenting adding mechanism comprising aplurality ofproduct indicators of successive denominations, actuating meansi aplurality of non-' indenting registering evices adapted to be actuatedby the actuating means, setting means for relatively positioning theactuating means and registering devices, transmitting connectionspermanently connecting the registering devices and product indicators,means for selecting a series of registering devices in accordance withthe denomination of each digit of the multiplier, and mechanism foractuating each series of registering devices to advance the connectedproduct indicators in accordance with the product of the multiplicandand the multiplier di it corresponding to that series; substantia ly asdescribed.

79. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication ofthe product of any two factors of one or more digits up to the numberprovided for, a non-indenting adding mechanism comprising a plurality ofproduct indicators of successive denominations, actuating means, aplurality of nonindenting registering devices adapted to be actuated bythe actuating means, setting means for relatively positioning theactuating means and registering devices, transmitting connectionspermanently connecting the registering devices and product indicators,

